Home guidance

Boiler & heating troubleshooter

Work through the checks that match your problem. If you are in any doubt, or you do not feel comfortable with any of our suggestions, please contact us. We are always here to help.

Before we start

Is there an immediate safety concern?

Please stop here if any of the following apply.

Safety first

Stop — possible gas escape

Do not keep going through this troubleshooter. Follow these steps if you can smell gas.

If you think you can smell gas
  • Put out any cigarettes or naked flames. Do not use a lighter or match.
  • Do not turn electrical switches on or off — including lights, doorbells and the boiler switch.
  • Open doors and windows to ventilate the property if it is safe to do so.
  • If it is safe, find the gas meter and turn the handle a quarter turn (90°) so it is across the pipe.
  • Leave the building with anyone else in the house. Stay out until you are told it is safe.
Call the gas emergency line — 0800 111 999
Use a neighbour’s phone or call from outside if you can. This number is the National Gas Emergency Service, not NWGC. Do not go back in to look for the leak.
Safety first

Stop — carbon monoxide concern

Do not keep going through this troubleshooter. Carbon monoxide has no smell. Treat an alarm or symptoms as an emergency.

If a CO alarm is sounding, or you think carbon monoxide may be present
  • Get everyone out of the building into fresh air — including children, older people and pets.
  • Stay out. Do not go back in to turn things off or to “just check”.
  • Do not use the boiler, fire, cooker or any other fuel-burning appliance.
  • If anyone has a headache, dizziness, sickness, confusion, or has collapsed, call 999.
Call the gas emergency line — 0800 111 999
0800 111 999 is the National Gas Emergency Service. Tell them you are worried about carbon monoxide. They will advise on isolating the supply. Do not wait for an NWGC visit if an alarm is sounding or someone is ill.
Safety first

Stop — serious water leak

Do not keep going through this troubleshooter until the water is isolated, or you have tried and cannot turn it off.

Find your stop tap and turn it off
  • Look under the kitchen sink, under the stairs, by the front door, or in a small cupboard.
  • Turn the tap clockwise to close it. It may be stiff — only use hand force.
  • If you cannot find it or it will not move, go to the front of the house where the property meets the street.
  • Look for a small plastic circle or metal square marked W. That is the street stopcock.
  • If water is reaching sockets or the fuse box, leave those areas and treat it as an electrical danger.
If you have stopped the leak, contact NWGC so we can look at the cause. If you cannot stop it, contact us anyway — do not take the pipework apart.
Safety first

Stop — possible electrical fault

Do not keep going through this troubleshooter. Isolate the electrics first.

If you can smell burning, see sparking, or think there is an electrical fault
  • Go to your fuse box / consumer unit.
  • Turn all the switches off — pull them all down.
  • Do not keep using the appliance or sockets.
  • Contact an electrician.
  • If you feel there is an immediate danger, call 999.
This is not a gas job. NWGC can help with heating and gas once the electrics are made safe.
Let's get started

What can we help you with today?

What part of your system are you having difficulty with?

Heating

Work through these checks

Open each one, run the short check, then come back here. Ticked items are done.

You can do these in any order. Fault code and Pressure open the full checks for those problems. If heating still does not work after the ones you can complete, contact NWGC.
Heating · Power

Is there power to the boiler?

The boiler should have a display or lights, and a switch beside it that is on.

Check the fused spur or switch next to the boiler.

If there is still no power, check the fuse box / consumer unit has not tripped that circuit.
Heating · Programmer

Check the programmer and thermostat

The boiler only heats when it is being asked to.

Set the programmer or timer to heating / on now.

Turn the room thermostat up a few degrees above the room temperature.

Wait a couple of minutes to see if the boiler tries to fire.
Heating · Gas

Is the gas turned on?

If the supply is off, the boiler cannot fire.

The meter handle should be in line with the pipe, not across it.

If you can see a valve on the pipe under the boiler, that should be in line with the pipe too.
Heating · Power

No power at the boiler

Check the switch or fused spur next to the boiler.

Then check the consumer unit for a tripped switch on that circuit. If you can smell burning or see sparking, use the electrical safety steps on the first page.
Contact NWGC
Heating · Programmer

Finding the programmer and thermostat

The programmer is often a wall clock/timer in the hall or kitchen, or an app / wireless box.

The room thermostat is usually on a wall in the main living space. Turn it up a few degrees and wait a couple of minutes.
Contact NWGC
Heating · Gas

Checking the gas supply

At the meter, the handle is on when it sits in line with the pipe.

Do not force a stiff handle. If you can smell gas, stop and use the gas safety page.
Contact NWGC
Heating · Fault code

Is the boiler showing a fault code?

Look for a code, a letter, or flashing lights on the display.

If there is a code or flashing lights, take a short video of the display before you continue.
Heating · Pressure

Can you see a pressure reading?

Look for a gauge or a number in bar on the boiler. Around 1–1.5 bar is usually normal.

Heating · Pressure

What pressure is showing?

Around 1–1.5 bar is usually the normal range, often a green section on the gauge.

Don’t adjust the pressure if you’re not sure what you’re doing.
Low boiler pressure

Your boiler pressure is low

Below about 1 bar the boiler may lock out.

Check the manufacturer’s instructions if you are happy to re-pressurise. If not, leave it and contact us.
Do not attempt anything you’re not confident doing.
Contact NWGC
Hot water

Work through these checks

Open each one, run the short check, then come back here. Ticked items are done.

You can do these in any order. Fault code and Pressure open the full checks for those problems. If there is still no hot water after the ones you can complete, contact NWGC.
Hot water · Power

Is there power to the boiler?

Check the switch beside the boiler is on and the display or lights are on.

If there is no power, check the fuse box / consumer unit has not tripped.
Hot water · Programmer

Check the programmer

Set the programmer or timer to hot water / on now, not just heating.

On a combi boiler there may only be a tap symbol when a tap is opened.
Hot water · Gas

Is the gas turned on?

The meter handle should be in line with the pipe, not across it.

If you can see a valve under the boiler, that should be in line with the pipe too.
Hot water · Taps

Is water coming out of the taps?

This checks the water supply, not just the boiler.

Try the kitchen hot tap first, then a basin or shower.

Try a cold tap too. If there is no cold water either, the issue is the incoming water supply or the stop tap — not the boiler.
Hot water · Power

No power at the boiler

Check the switch beside the boiler, then the consumer unit for a tripped switch.

If you can smell burning or see sparking, use the electrical safety steps.
Contact NWGC
Hot water · Programmer

Finding the hot water setting

On a system or regular boiler, the programmer often has a separate hot water channel. Set that to on / timed now.

On a combi, opening a hot tap should call the boiler. There may be no hot-water timer.
Contact NWGC
Hot water · Gas

Checking the gas supply

The meter handle is on when it sits in line with the pipe. Do not force it.
Contact NWGC
Hot water · Taps

Cold water runs, but no hot

The incoming water is fine, so this is likely the boiler or cylinder. Check power, programmer, gas, pressure and any fault code next.
Hot water · Taps

No water from hot or cold taps

This is a water supply issue, not the boiler. Find the stop tap. If there is a serious leak, use the water safety steps.
Contact NWGC
Hot water · Fault code

Is the boiler showing a fault code?

If there is a code or flashing lights, take a short video of the display before you continue.
Hot water · Pressure

Can you see a pressure reading?

Around 1–1.5 bar is usually normal.

Hot water · Pressure

What pressure is showing?

Don’t adjust the pressure if you’re not sure what you’re doing.
Low boiler pressure

Your boiler pressure is low

Below about 1 bar the boiler may not give hot water.

Check the manufacturer’s instructions if you are happy to re-pressurise. If not, leave it and contact us.
Do not attempt anything you’re not confident doing.
Contact NWGC
NWGC

Let's see if we can help.

Based on your answers, we'd recommend contacting us so we can help with the next step.

There's no need to carry out any further checks yourself.

Get in touch with NWGC and we'll talk through what's happening and advise you on the next step.
Other

Try the checks above first

If the problem does not fit one label, work through Heating, Hot water, Pressure, Radiators and Error code. Those cover most of what we can safely guide you through at home.

If you would rather not do that, or you have already tried, contact NWGC and we will take it from there.
Contact NWGC
Error code

Work through these checks

Open each one, run the short check, then come back here. Ticked items are done.

We don’t need you to decode the fault at home. A short video of the display is enough when you contact us.
Error code · Find

What is the boiler showing?

Look at the display or indicator lights on the front of the boiler.

Error code · Record

Take a short video of the display, or write the code down

Video the whole display, including any flashing lights.

If you can, note the boiler make (often on the front flap).
Error code · Reset

Reset only if you know how

Some boilers have a reset button or a reset option on the screen. Use the manufacturer’s steps if you have them.

One reset is enough to try. Do not keep resetting if the same code comes back.
Do not take the case off the boiler. That is not a home check.
Error code · Still showing

Is the fault still there?

If it came back, stop resetting and contact NWGC with the video of the display.
Error code · Find

Nothing obvious on the display

If the boiler looks normal, the fault may be elsewhere — heating, hot water, pressure or radiators.

Mark this checked and use those hubs, or contact us if you would rather we look.
Contact NWGC
Error code · Record

No code you can video

Flashing lights still help — video the front of the boiler anyway.

If there is no display at all, check power in the Heating hub rather than resetting.
Contact NWGC
Error code · Reset

If you don’t know how to reset

Look for a reset button or a reset option on the screen. The manufacturer’s sticker or app may show it.

If you cannot find it, leave it. Do not take the case off and do not hold random buttons.
One reset only, and only if you are sure that is the reset control.
Contact NWGC
Error code · Still showing

The fault came back

Stop resetting. Repeated resets can make some faults worse and will not fix the cause.
Contact us with the video of the display and the boiler make if you have it.
Contact NWGC
Error code · Still showing

The fault cleared

If heating and hot water now work, keep an eye on it. If the same code returns, contact us rather than resetting again.
Radiators

Work through these checks

Open each one, run the short check, then come back here. Ticked items are done.

You can do these in any order. If radiators stay cold after bleeding and the valves are open, contact NWGC.
Radiators · Which

Which radiators are cold?

If every radiator is cold, also run the Heating checks (power, programmer, gas, pressure).
Radiators · Valves

Are the radiator valves open?

The thermostat valve (numbered cap) should be off the frost setting — usually 3 or above.

The lockshield on the other end should not be fully closed. If you are not sure, leave that one and contact us rather than forcing it.
Radiators · Bleed

Bleed the radiator if the top is cold

Hold a cloth under the small square bleed nipple at the top corner.

Turn it slowly with a radiator key until air hisses, then water. Close it as soon as water appears.

Check boiler pressure afterwards — bleeding can drop it.
Stop if you cannot close the nipple or water will not shut off. That is a leak — contact us.
Water won’t shut off — contact NWGC
Radiators · Pattern

Is the top cold, or the bottom?

Cold at the top usually means air — bleed it.

Cold at the bottom, hot at the top, often means sludge. That needs a flush or an engineer, not more bleeding.
Radiators · Which

One or two radiators are cold

That is often a closed valve or air in that radiator, not a failed boiler.

Next, check the numbered valve is open, then bleed if the top is cold.
Radiators · Which

Most or all radiators are cold

If the whole house is cold, the boiler may not be firing. Run the Heating checks as well — power, programmer, gas, fault code and pressure.
Contact NWGC
Radiators · Valves

Which cap is which

The numbered cap (0–5 or * / snowflake) is the thermostat valve. Turn it up to 3 or higher for heat.

The other end is the lockshield — usually a plain cap. Do not force that one. If it looks shut tight and you are unsure, leave it.
Contact NWGC
Radiators · Bleed

No key, or you’d rather not bleed it

A radiator key is inexpensive from a DIY shop. Without one, skip this step rather than using pliers on the nipple.

If the top of the radiator is cold, air is the likely cause — we can bleed it on a visit.
Contact NWGC
Radiators · Pattern

Cold at the top

That usually means air. Bleed the radiator, then check the boiler pressure — it often drops a little.
Radiators · Pattern

Cold at the bottom

Hot at the top and cold at the bottom is often sludge in the radiator. Bleeding will not fix that.

A power flush or an engineer visit is the usual next step.
Do not keep bleeding a radiator that is cold at the bottom.
Contact NWGC
Pressure

Work through these checks

Open each one, run the short check, then come back here. Ticked items are done.

Follow this in order. If pressure will not hold, or you are not happy topping it up, contact NWGC.
Pressure · Gauge

Can you see the pressure gauge?

It is usually a small clock-style dial on the front or underside of the boiler, or a number in bar on the display.

Pressure · Reading

What is the pressure showing?

Around 1–1.5 bar is usually normal. Many gauges have a green section in that range.

Below 1 bar the boiler may lock out. Above about 2.5 bar, do not keep filling — contact us.
Pressure · It keeps falling

Does the pressure keep dropping after you top it up?

A slow drop over days often means a small leak. A fast drop can mean a discharge pipe or a bigger leak.

Pressure · Leak

Can you see a leak?

Look around the boiler, radiators and valves for damp or dripping.

Also check the small copper or plastic pipe from the boiler (pressure relief) — water dripping from the end outside means the boiler has dumped water.
Pressure · Gauge

Where to look

On many boilers the gauge is a small round dial under the front, often behind a flap.

On others it is a number on the digital display, usually marked bar.

If you still cannot see it, do not take the case off. Mark this check done and contact us if you need the reading confirmed.
Contact NWGC
Pressure · Low

Pressure is below 1 bar

The boiler may lock out or stop heating until the pressure is back around 1–1.5 bar.
Only top it up if you are comfortable and you know how on your boiler. If it has dropped before, there may be a leak — do not keep filling.
Contact NWGC
Pressure · High

Pressure is above 1.5 bar

A little over 1.5 bar can be normal when the heating is on. Much higher, or above about 2.5 bar, needs an engineer.
Do not drain the system yourself unless the manufacturer tells you exactly how. Do not open radiator valves to “let some out” unless you know that job.
It’s high or I’m not sure — contact NWGC
Pressure · Falling

Pressure will not hold

If it drops again after a top-up, water is leaving the system. That is usually a leak on a pipe or radiator, or the boiler relief pipe dumping water outside.
Do not keep filling it. Check for a leak next, then contact us if you cannot see one or it keeps falling.
Contact NWGC
Pressure · Leak

You’ve found a leak or discharge

Stop topping the system up. If water is near electrics, treat that as an electrical risk. If it is a serious leak, use the water safety steps from the first page.
A drip from the small pipe outside is the pressure relief valve — the boiler has dumped water. That needs an engineer, not another fill.
Contact NWGC
Pressure · Re-pressurise

Topping the system up

Only do this if you are comfortable and the manufacturer shows you how for your boiler.

Filling loops are often silver braided hoses under the boiler, or a key / built-in filling point.

Add water slowly until the gauge is around 1–1.5 bar, then close the loop fully.
Do not keep filling if the pressure will not stay up, or if it goes above 1.5 bar and you are unsure. Leave it and contact us.
Contact NWGC instead